Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1993
On the public record
Has dropped Medicare — you would pay privately
Offices
1 location
Looking this up.
Plans that list them
7 plans · 4 carriers
A missing listing does not mean out of network. Directories change, and a listing does not cover every office. Call Dr. Welsh’s office to confirm they take your plan. Ask about the office you use, its medical group, referrals and appointments.
7 of 7 plans
Plans whose provider directory lists this clinician
Licensed to practise in California · since 1994 · expires 2028-12-31 · Brown University Program in Medicine.
No disciplinary actions, convictions, malpractice judgments or citations in this record.
Original Medicare doctor bills
$219,285
Medicare paid this office $219,285 for 294 people.
This is what Medicare paid the clinician — not Medicare Advantage, and not the pharmacy.
Largest Original Medicare bills
Return visit (30+ min)
256
$122,433
$116
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
137
$30,189
$133
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
58
$19,150
$215
New patient visit (60+ min)
46
$9,277
$202
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
20
$6,645
$229
See all 13 services
Every Original Medicare service billed
Return visit (30+ min)
256
$122,433
$116
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
137
$30,189
$133
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
58
$19,150
$215
New patient visit (60+ min)
46
$9,277
$202
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
20
$6,645
$229
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
37
$6,306
$113
New patient visit (45+ min)
41
$6,001
$146
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
50
$4,832
$62
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
30
$2,776
$60
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
34
$2,152
$44
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
12
$2,040
$128
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
17
$1,899
$83
Short return visit (20+ min)
18
$1,316
$69
Procedures year by year
Procedures billed to Original Medicare by year
Procedure
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
241
229
225
198
238
227
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
209
285
107
54
72
78
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
107
144
108
57
81
89
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
90
95
97
79
62
49
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
73
62
32
26
48
56
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
72
62
31
23
43
46
Times billed to Original Medicare each year. A blank year means fewer than 11 people had it, or none: Medicare does not publish smaller counts. Medicare Advantage patients are not included.
Who their Medicare patients are
294 Original Medicare patients in 2024. Average age 77 · Women 59% · Also on Medicaid 4% · Health risk score 1.01. At or below the middle of the specialty; the typical physical medicine and rehabilitation clinician is at 1.53.
The office billed $3,213,934, Medicare allowed $288,351 and paid $219,285; for 1,824 services of 23 kinds.
Original Medicare patients only. A risk score of 1.0 is the average Medicare patient; higher means sicker. Any count under 11 is hidden.
Year by year
Original Medicare by year
2024
294
1,824
77
1.01
$3,213,934
$219,285
2023
281
1,855
77
1.08
$3,010,111
$200,004
2022
294
2,023
78
1.13
$1,838,650
$168,090
2021
312
4,722
77
1.05
$606,681
$365,870
2020
297
2,768
76
1.06
$460,887
$196,170
2019
318
3,226
77
1.11
$432,679
$208,427
2018
290
3,750
76
0.99
$261,125
$186,334
2017
269
3,451
76
0.95
$231,413
$159,806
2016
289
4,525
76
1.04
$239,059
$170,306
2015
277
4,937
75
1.09
$227,398
$164,272
2014
270
4,618
76
1.06
$233,073
$147,579
2013
258
4,005
75
1.11
$198,586
$149,992
Original Medicare only. A service billed for fewer than 11 people in a year is hidden, so the lines can add up to less than the year's total.
See the services billed each year
2023: 16 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2023
Return visit (30+ min)
227
$99,460
$117
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
146
$31,110
$131
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
59
$17,231
$213
New patient visit (45+ min)
85
$12,502
$147
Short return visit (20+ min)
62
$5,823
$80
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
33
$5,451
$114
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
51
$4,633
$64
New patient visit (60+ min)
21
$3,992
$190
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
15
$3,603
$212
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
46
$2,806
$45
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
16
$2,806
$148
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
29
$2,776
$65
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
16
$2,647
$126
Use of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by physician performing a procedure (5 years or older), initial 15 minutes
113
$1,697
$10
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
15
$1,372
$69
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
13
$1,143
$76
2022: 15 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2022
Return visit (30+ min)
174
$63,467
$118
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
133
$24,327
$123
Short return visit (20+ min)
153
$16,907
$68
Chronic care management services, first 20 minutes of clinical staff time directed by health care professional, per calendar month
127
$13,080
$55
New patient visit (45+ min)
71
$11,226
$158
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
37
$10,340
$181
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
60
$3,540
$45
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
34
$2,986
$55
Use of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by physician performing a procedure (5 years or older), initial 15 minutes
144
$2,635
$11
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
22
$2,544
$98
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
15
$2,480
$113
Evaluation of psychological test, first hour
13
$1,575
$88
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
21
$1,265
$55
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
11
$945
$56
Administration of psychological or neuropsychological test by technician, first 30 minutes
41
$900
$20
2021: 21 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2021
Return visit (30+ min)
178
$74,719
$117
Drug test(s), definitive, utilizing (1) drug identification methods able to identify individual drugs and distinguish between structural isomers (but not necessarily stereoisomers), including, but not limited to gc/ms (any type, single or tandem) and lc/ms
130
$45,945
$246
Evaluation of psychological test, first hour
123
$33,775
$108
Short return visit (20+ min)
154
$32,577
$83
Chronic care management services, first 20 minutes of clinical staff time directed by health care professional, per calendar month
209
$32,006
$39
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
147
$29,166
$130
Administration of psychological or neuropsychological test by technician, first 30 minutes
175
$25,731
$39
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
54
$22,707
$210
New patient visit (45+ min)
58
$8,936
$154
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
48
$5,929
$55
Therapy procedure using exercise to develop strength, endurance, range of motion, and flexibility, each 15 minutes
15
$5,447
$23
Acupuncture with electrical stimulation, each additional 15 minutes
16
$5,086
$33
Acupuncture with electrical stimulation, initial 15 minutes
16
$4,732
$40
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
67
$4,629
$48
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
31
$3,757
$117
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
69
$3,046
$35
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
12
$2,099
$131
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
30
$2,046
$66
Re-evaluation for physical therapy, typically 20 minutes
12
$1,349
$67
Evaluation for physical therapy, typically 30 minutes
11
$1,188
$99
Whole body composition tissue and fluid measurements with interpretation and report
66
$657
$10
2020: 23 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2020
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
69
$28,669
$199
Return visit (30+ min)
156
$28,193
$88
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
143
$28,168
$123
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
69
$15,045
$53
Short return visit (20+ min)
116
$14,592
$65
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
156
$8,796
$35
Long return visit (40+ min)
56
$8,728
$126
Telephone medical discussion with physician, 21-30 minutes
59
$8,086
$89
Telephone medical discussion with physician, 11-20 minutes
76
$8,049
$64
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
45
$7,101
$115
New patient visit (45+ min)
44
$6,312
$143
Use of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by physician performing a procedure (5 years or older), initial 15 minutes
204
$5,208
$11
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
66
$4,281
$45
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, third and any additional level
44
$4,071
$67
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
45
$4,025
$65
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
13
$3,494
$166
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
15
$2,846
$114
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
12
$2,501
$125
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
13
$1,897
$53
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
15
$1,613
$65
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, third and any additional level
14
$1,474
$64
Telephone or internet assessment with verbal and written report by consulting physician, 21-30 minutes
11
$520
$47
Telephone or internet assessment with verbal and written report by consulting physician, 11-20 minutes
11
$346
$31
2019: 19 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2019
Return visit (30+ min)
165
$35,395
$99
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
148
$31,827
$132
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
53
$22,083
$206
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
218
$17,846
$35
Long return visit (40+ min)
95
$15,930
$130
Short return visit (20+ min)
109
$13,212
$66
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
53
$11,330
$54
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
49
$8,519
$117
New patient visit (45+ min)
56
$8,199
$146
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
29
$6,155
$140
Use of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by physician performing a procedure (5 years or older), initial 15 minutes
220
$5,479
$11
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
48
$4,736
$66
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, third and any additional level
45
$4,551
$67
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
67
$4,340
$48
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
15
$2,880
$115
New patient visit (60+ min)
14
$2,674
$191
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
21
$1,805
$58
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
15
$1,599
$64
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, third and any additional level
11
$1,237
$62
2018: 17 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2018
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
156
$37,261
$132
Return visit (30+ min)
152
$30,236
$96
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
47
$19,332
$203
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
201
$16,389
$34
Short return visit (20+ min)
106
$12,229
$64
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
47
$10,117
$54
Long return visit (40+ min)
60
$10,040
$132
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
111
$8,870
$56
New patient visit (45+ min)
57
$8,174
$143
Use of a drug to induce depression of consciousness by physician performing a procedure (5 years or older), initial 15 minutes
201
$4,953
$11
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
36
$4,886
$106
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
12
$3,148
$150
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
35
$2,674
$59
New patient visit (60+ min)
11
$2,029
$184
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, third and any additional level
25
$1,943
$61
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
14
$1,880
$104
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
14
$1,047
$58
2017: 17 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2017
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
137
$32,761
$132
Return visit (30+ min)
139
$21,561
$94
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
135
$15,229
$62
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
181
$14,277
$35
Short return visit (20+ min)
129
$13,631
$65
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
30
$12,070
$208
New patient visit (45+ min)
48
$7,217
$150
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
30
$5,584
$54
Long return visit (40+ min)
32
$5,259
$135
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
18
$4,049
$145
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
12
$3,689
$205
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
21
$2,857
$114
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
16
$1,964
$98
Destruction of upper or middle spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
12
$1,901
$59
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
17
$1,838
$68
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
20
$1,544
$64
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
16
$1,091
$55
2016: 17 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2016
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
169
$36,717
$130
Return visit (30+ min)
157
$24,162
$93
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
169
$17,055
$61
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
206
$14,473
$35
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
33
$11,548
$206
Short return visit (20+ min)
110
$10,002
$62
Long return visit (40+ min)
52
$8,680
$128
New patient visit (45+ min)
55
$7,496
$136
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
33
$4,283
$54
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
13
$3,290
$143
New patient visit (60+ min)
16
$2,970
$186
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
11
$2,495
$104
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
22
$2,470
$99
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
13
$1,626
$68
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
23
$1,454
$56
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
11
$1,442
$60
Moderate sedation services by physician also performing a procedure, patient 5 years of age or older, first 30 minutes
20
$1,067
$38
2015: 15 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2015
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
153
$32,683
$131
Return visit (30+ min)
145
$24,222
$94
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
152
$15,339
$61
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
200
$14,240
$35
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
35
$13,500
$201
New patient visit (45+ min)
64
$8,867
$139
Short return visit (20+ min)
105
$8,769
$61
Long return visit (40+ min)
40
$6,760
$119
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
35
$5,659
$54
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
19
$3,844
$133
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
18
$2,424
$93
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
16
$2,195
$116
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
19
$1,806
$62
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
18
$1,361
$52
Injection of upper or middle spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
16
$1,217
$64
2014: 13 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2014
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
146
$32,498
$131
Return visit (30+ min)
135
$18,277
$82
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
145
$15,067
$61
Short return visit (20+ min)
129
$13,096
$65
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
35
$12,895
$208
New patient visit (45+ min)
57
$8,383
$147
Radiological supervision and interpretation x-ray of covering of spinal cord
147
$8,279
$36
Fluoroscopic guidance for spine or back muscle injection
105
$4,567
$27
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
35
$3,406
$55
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
14
$2,741
$131
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
17
$2,584
$92
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
16
$1,490
$57
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
13
$1,254
$63
2013: 14 services
Original Medicare services billed in 2013
Return visit (30+ min)
163
$34,786
$95
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
147
$34,653
$135
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into sacral spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
145
$16,781
$61
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, single facet joint
37
$13,015
$197
Long return visit (40+ min)
49
$8,262
$123
New patient visit (45+ min)
42
$6,182
$147
Destruction of lower or sacral spinal facet joint nerves using imaging guidance, each additional facet joint
37
$6,058
$52
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, single level
15
$2,449
$136
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, single level
19
$2,432
$111
New patient visit (60+ min)
13
$2,186
$168
Short return visit (20+ min)
27
$2,115
$66
Injection of lower or sacral spine facet joint using imaging guidance, second level
17
$1,212
$64
Injection of anesthetic and/or steroid drug into upper or middle spine nerve root using imaging guidance, each additional level
14
$1,090
$64
Aspiration and/or injection of fluid from large joint
11
$462
$42
Drugs they prescribed that Part D paid
$60,555
Pharmacies billed $60,555 in 2024.
This is pharmacy cost, not the office bill, and not what patients paid.
Opioids were 44% of their Part D prescriptions (688 of 1,556) in 2024. Above the middle of the specialty; the typical physical medicine and rehabilitation clinician is at 12%. Long-acting opioids: 22% of their opioid prescriptions.
1,537 generic and 19 brand-name prescriptions · $60,555 in drug cost.
Part D prescriptions only. The opioid rate is opioid prescriptions as a share of all this clinician's Part D prescriptions; surgeons and pain specialists run higher than others, so it is shown against the same specialty.
Largest Part D drug costs
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
319
$11,300
$35
Oxycontin
14
$8,574
$612
Gabapentin
317
$7,183
$23
Buprenorphine
37
$5,585
$151
Fentanyl
35
$3,788
$108
See all 21 drugs
Every Part D drug this clinician prescribed
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
319
$11,300
$35
Oxycontin
14
$8,574
$612
Gabapentin
317
$7,183
$23
Buprenorphine
37
$5,585
$151
Fentanyl
35
$3,788
$108
Pregabalin
123
$3,712
$30
Celecoxib
51
$1,876
$37
Buprenorphine-Naloxone
13
$1,872
$144
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
94
$1,731
$18
Methadone
35
$1,396
$40
Duloxetine
45
$998
$22
Tramadol
76
$878
$12
Tramadol Hcl Er
14
$806
$58
Morphine Sulfate Er
11
$496
$45
Oxycodone
36
$393
$11
Meloxicam
64
$355
$6
Tizanidine
37
$243
$7
Diazepam
51
$235
$5
Zolpidem
20
$162
$8
Prednisone
46
$125
$3
Cyclobenzaprine
21
$60
$3
Year by year
Part D prescribing by year
2024
1,556
168
44% (688)
1%
$60,555
2023
1,565
159
44% (685)
2%
$72,523
2022
1,548
164
41% (631)
1%
$64,425
2021
1,558
179
42% (651)
2%
$70,016
2020
1,344
166
47% (637)
4%
$91,231
2019
1,259
161
51% (638)
6%
$119,842
2018
1,367
161
52% (712)
9%
$154,183
2017
1,297
166
49% (630)
11%
$133,187
2016
1,303
154
44% (572)
12%
$128,250
2015
1,342
151
47% (625)
15%
$128,348
2014
1,277
137
50% (633)
19%
$149,066
2013
1,136
137
51% (584)
17%
$113,177
Part D prescriptions only. A drug prescribed to fewer than 11 people in a year is hidden.
See the drugs prescribed each year
2023: 23 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2023
Oxycontin
14
$10,935
$781
Buprenorphine
36
$9,662
$268
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
312
$8,996
$29
Gabapentin
341
$6,510
$19
Pregabalin
123
$5,088
$41
Celecoxib
45
$4,157
$92
Fentanyl
28
$3,092
$110
Morphine Sulfate Er
36
$2,171
$60
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
64
$2,106
$33
Buprenorphine-Naloxone
11
$1,480
$135
Duloxetine
57
$1,249
$22
Tramadol
76
$1,152
$15
Methadone
37
$998
$27
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
32
$465
$15
Diclofenac
27
$446
$17
Meloxicam
48
$292
$6
Diazepam
34
$197
$6
Zolpidem
22
$179
$8
Cyclobenzaprine
32
$161
$5
Oxycodone
23
$136
$6
Prednisone
42
$123
$3
Ibuprofen
16
$90
$6
Tizanidine
23
$65
$3
2022: 24 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2022
Oxycontin
13
$10,643
$819
Gabapentin
390
$8,059
$21
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
281
$8,051
$29
Fentanyl
64
$5,913
$92
Pregabalin
95
$5,089
$54
Duloxetine
63
$3,201
$51
Morphine Sulfate Er
27
$2,689
$100
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
67
$2,321
$35
Tramadol Hcl Er
12
$1,964
$164
Celecoxib
42
$1,527
$36
Tramadol
84
$1,107
$13
Methadone
35
$931
$27
Nabumetone
16
$576
$36
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
23
$538
$23
Diclofenac
35
$467
$13
Meloxicam
45
$335
$7
Cyclobenzaprine
42
$273
$6
Zolpidem
33
$195
$6
Diazepam
33
$172
$5
Omeprazole
11
$151
$14
Amitriptyline
18
$99
$5
Prednisone
34
$93
$3
Trazodone
11
$45
$4
Tizanidine
12
$32
$3
2021: 26 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2021
Oxycontin
22
$20,304
$923
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
307
$7,924
$26
Pregabalin
128
$7,317
$57
Gabapentin
333
$6,869
$21
Fentanyl
61
$5,320
$87
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
76
$2,582
$34
Morphine Sulfate Er
25
$2,527
$101
Tramadol Hcl Er
14
$2,295
$164
Celecoxib
41
$1,400
$34
Diclofenac Sodium Er
12
$1,288
$107
Duloxetine
44
$1,065
$24
Methadone
33
$939
$28
Tramadol
69
$929
$13
Diclofenac
43
$689
$16
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
19
$493
$26
Nabumetone
21
$392
$19
Meloxicam
65
$391
$6
Baclofen
16
$287
$18
Omeprazole
14
$273
$20
Diazepam
31
$227
$7
Amitriptyline
15
$208
$14
Zolpidem
22
$197
$9
Cyclobenzaprine
28
$189
$7
Acetaminophen-Codeine
12
$147
$12
Tizanidine
13
$110
$8
Prednisone
21
$61
$3
2020: 24 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2020
Oxycontin
25
$35,347
$1,414
Fentanyl
58
$11,100
$191
Lyrica
12
$9,150
$763
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
260
$6,282
$24
Gabapentin
263
$6,015
$23
Pregabalin
77
$4,465
$58
Morphine Sulfate Er
21
$3,067
$146
Tramadol Hcl Er
26
$2,286
$88
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
62
$2,169
$35
Celecoxib
18
$1,794
$100
Tramadol
91
$1,249
$14
Duloxetine
43
$888
$21
Oxycodone
40
$777
$19
Hydromorphone
14
$746
$53
Methadone
23
$692
$30
Diclofenac
39
$525
$13
Topiramate
13
$452
$35
Meloxicam
64
$293
$5
Acetaminophen-Codeine
13
$265
$20
Diazepam
31
$255
$8
Zolpidem
26
$209
$8
Lidocaine-Prilocaine
11
$141
$13
Cyclobenzaprine
18
$131
$7
Prednisone
16
$62
$4
2019: 23 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2019
Oxycontin
24
$35,357
$1,473
Lyrica
48
$35,308
$736
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
286
$8,260
$29
Gabapentin
226
$7,260
$32
Fentanyl
59
$6,606
$112
Morphine Sulfate Er
28
$2,717
$97
Celecoxib
28
$2,140
$76
Tramadol Hcl Er
23
$1,991
$87
Methadone
31
$1,807
$58
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
43
$1,741
$40
Duloxetine
40
$1,409
$35
Tramadol
74
$1,301
$18
Pregabalin
20
$1,269
$63
Oxycodone
45
$1,220
$27
Nabumetone
15
$740
$49
Hydromorphone
12
$696
$58
Diclofenac
24
$599
$25
Diazepam
35
$282
$8
Meloxicam
44
$262
$6
Zolpidem
31
$259
$8
Trazodone
12
$226
$19
Lidocaine-Prilocaine
12
$144
$12
Prednisone
13
$57
$4
2018: 26 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2018
Lyrica
73
$52,900
$725
Oxycontin
28
$37,586
$1,342
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
295
$9,958
$34
Butrans
13
$9,913
$763
Celecoxib
37
$7,276
$197
Fentanyl
72
$6,705
$93
Gabapentin
216
$6,318
$29
Tramadol Hcl Er
49
$5,873
$120
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
44
$2,338
$53
Morphine Sulfate Er
25
$2,199
$88
Methadone
41
$2,088
$51
Oxycodone
41
$1,400
$34
Tramadol
71
$1,234
$17
Duloxetine
32
$1,104
$35
Hydromorphone
14
$825
$59
Nabumetone
19
$789
$42
Diclofenac
29
$531
$18
Trazodone
27
$488
$18
Meloxicam
57
$398
$7
Zolpidem
33
$344
$10
Venlafaxine Hcl Er
12
$306
$25
Amitriptyline
14
$206
$15
Diazepam
29
$189
$7
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
12
$166
$14
Carisoprodol
11
$117
$11
Prednisone
12
$53
$4
2017: 27 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2017
Lyrica
69
$39,803
$577
Oxycontin
33
$36,415
$1,103
Fentanyl
78
$9,956
$128
Butrans
13
$8,443
$649
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
253
$8,337
$33
Tramadol Hcl Er
45
$6,438
$143
Celecoxib
38
$4,857
$128
Gabapentin
218
$4,729
$22
Methadone
35
$2,011
$57
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
32
$1,850
$58
Oxycodone
36
$1,426
$40
Nabumetone
38
$1,163
$31
Duloxetine
32
$860
$27
Tramadol
52
$757
$15
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
16
$613
$38
Zolpidem
24
$547
$23
Hydromorphone
14
$540
$39
Trazodone
36
$528
$15
Meloxicam
41
$275
$7
Amitriptyline
18
$245
$14
Diclofenac
21
$239
$11
Venlafaxine Hcl Er
13
$202
$16
Acetaminophen-Codeine
12
$180
$15
Omeprazole
12
$139
$12
Carisoprodol
17
$117
$7
Prednisone
18
$76
$4
Diazepam
13
$54
$4
2016: 29 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2016
Lyrica
71
$39,951
$563
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
254
$13,754
$54
Oxycontin
19
$13,008
$685
Fentanyl
60
$8,528
$142
Celecoxib
55
$7,932
$144
Butrans
14
$7,897
$564
Oxycodone Hcl Er
15
$6,596
$440
Tramadol Hcl Er
31
$5,959
$192
Gabapentin
197
$4,877
$25
Oxycodone
36
$3,479
$97
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
35
$2,782
$79
Methadone
44
$2,078
$47
Duloxetine
42
$1,326
$32
Hydromorphone
26
$991
$38
Tramadol
21
$894
$43
Zolpidem
31
$827
$27
Nabumetone
31
$729
$24
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
17
$565
$33
Trazodone
29
$478
$16
Diclofenac
29
$416
$14
Meloxicam
52
$307
$6
Baclofen
19
$305
$16
Omeprazole
21
$288
$14
Amitriptyline
16
$227
$14
Venlafaxine Hcl Er
11
$175
$16
Carisoprodol
16
$100
$6
Cyclobenzaprine
12
$71
$6
Prednisone
16
$69
$4
Diazepam
22
$49
$2
2015: 29 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2015
Lyrica
62
$27,353
$441
Oxycontin
35
$19,267
$550
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
255
$13,178
$52
Fentanyl
56
$8,870
$158
Celecoxib
46
$6,557
$143
Morphine Sulfate Er
18
$6,549
$364
Gabapentin
178
$3,903
$22
Duloxetine
39
$3,882
$100
Tramadol Hcl Er
22
$3,830
$174
Oxycodone
51
$3,730
$73
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
32
$3,583
$112
Methadone
55
$2,829
$51
Carisoprodol
42
$1,216
$29
Nabumetone
40
$1,158
$29
Hydromorphone
26
$839
$32
Baclofen
16
$713
$45
Zolpidem
31
$600
$19
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
20
$422
$21
Methocarbamol
19
$303
$16
Diclofenac
23
$293
$13
Tramadol
40
$274
$7
Trazodone
33
$262
$8
Lorazepam
18
$220
$12
Meloxicam
31
$193
$6
Amitriptyline
13
$190
$15
Cyclobenzaprine
13
$152
$12
Diazepam
25
$92
$4
Prednisone
15
$55
$4
Alprazolam
14
$51
$4
2014: 25 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2014
Celebrex
61
$29,176
$478
Lyrica
68
$26,472
$389
Oxycontin
36
$17,390
$483
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
264
$9,361
$35
Duloxetine
47
$9,265
$197
Fentanyl
30
$7,551
$252
Avinza
12
$6,832
$569
Morphine Sulfate Er
14
$6,348
$453
Oxycodone
62
$4,138
$67
Tramadol Hcl Er
29
$3,937
$136
Gabapentin
142
$3,355
$24
Carisoprodol
70
$2,203
$31
Methadone
53
$1,504
$28
Nabumetone
56
$1,433
$26
Hydromorphone
30
$1,335
$44
Oxycodone-Acetaminophen
17
$1,262
$74
Tramadol Hcl-Acetaminophen
12
$710
$59
Lidocaine-Prilocaine
11
$680
$62
Tramadol
49
$642
$13
Morphine Sulfate
13
$578
$44
Diclofenac
17
$288
$17
Methocarbamol
14
$282
$20
Lorazepam
19
$194
$10
Diazepam
31
$152
$5
Zolpidem
17
$113
$7
2013: 20 drugs
Part D drugs prescribed in 2013
Lyrica
58
$19,965
$344
Celebrex
47
$19,722
$420
Fentanyl
60
$10,753
$179
Cymbalta
25
$10,328
$413
Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen
243
$8,145
$34
Avinza
14
$6,067
$433
Tramadol Hcl Er
24
$5,728
$239
Gabapentin
128
$4,167
$33
Oxycodone
32
$2,886
$90
Oxycodone Hcl-Acetaminophen
34
$2,323
$68
Carisoprodol
69
$1,854
$27
Nabumetone
63
$1,846
$29
Tramadol
55
$913
$17
Methadone
36
$880
$24
Hydromorphone
19
$879
$46
Morphine Sulfate
13
$556
$43
Methocarbamol
20
$267
$13
Zolpidem
20
$140
$7
Diazepam
25
$135
$5
Lorazepam
12
$79
$7
Money from drug and device companies
$26 in 2025
Industry payments by year
2025
1
1
—None
$26
2024
2
3
—None
$141
2023
2
2
—None
$185
2022
2
4
—None
$284
2021
1
1
—None
$16
2020
1
1
—None
$67
2019
2
2
—None
$56
Paid work is consulting, speaking, honoraria and royalties, as opposed to meals and travel.